Vitamin D status, vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity

This cohort study from the UK Biobank explores the role of serum vitamin D levels and vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms in the development and progression of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM). Higher vitamin D levels were associated with lower risks of initial cardiometabolic disease, transition to multimorbidity, and death. VDR polymorphisms (rs1544410 and rs11568820) modified these associations, with some alleles conferring increased or decreased risk at different disease stages. The study supports the use of vitamin D as a modifiable factor in personalized prevention strategies.