Community-based interventions addressing multiple forms of malnutrition among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review

This scoping review synthesizes evidence on community-based interventions aimed at tackling multiple forms of malnutrition among adolescents (10–19 years) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). It includes 37 studies from 27 countries, examining diverse approaches such as micronutrient supplementation, nutrition education, food supplementation and fortification, physical activity promotion, and multicomponent strategies. The review finds that most interventions improve at least one nutrition or diet-related outcome, with strong evidence for micronutrient supplementation and nutrition education. However, gaps exist in programs targeting adolescent boys, out-of-school youth, and vulnerable populations. Delivery agents range from health professionals to peers, with interventions primarily delivered in person; few used social media. Significant heterogeneity in design, implementation, and evaluation limits comparability. The authors call for integrated, theory-based, multisectoral interventions, longer-term studies, and stronger evaluation of implementation outcomes to address the double burden of malnutrition in adolescents effectively.